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LGBT rights in Scotland
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights in Scotland are generally in line with the rest of the United Kingdom, which have evolved extensively over time and are now regarded one of the most progressive in Europe. In 2015, Scotland was recognised as the "best country in Europe for LGBTI legal equality".
Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1980 and the age of consent has been equal to that for opposite-sex activity since 2001. Same-sex marriage was approved by Scottish Parliament in February 2014 and received royal assent on 12 March 2014. It came into effect on 16 December 2014 with civil partners converting into marriages, while the first same-sex marriage ceremonies occurred on 31 December 2014. Civil partnerships for same-sex couples have been legal since 2005. Same-sex couples have also been granted joint and step adoption since 2009 and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity have been banned since 2005.
==Laws regarding same-sex sexual activity==
The historical legal situation for male homosexuality was severe: "The common law crime of sodomy does not involve the establishment of the absence of consent on the part of the passive agent or catamite. It reflects a former general disapproval of homosexuality and both parties are guilty of the offence". Recorded punishments are limited compared to purges such as Utrecht sodomy trials, whether due to lack of offending, prosecution or surviving documentation. Baron Hume wrote that "the crime is only mentioned twice in the course of our records", citing a double prosecution in 1570 and a single prosecution in 1630, with bestiality more often noted, all cases being punished by death. A legal text dated 1832 added then recent case in which a man, on confession to two acts of sodomy out of nine initially charged, was transported for life.〔(Alison, Archibald. ''Principles of the Criminal Law of Scotland'' ), (1832). p. 566.〕 However, another archive source documents an additional sample mention, the commission for trial of Gavin Bell in 1645.
The United Kingdom Parliament voted to pass the Sexual Offences Act 1967 for the limited decriminalisation of homosexual acts in only England and Wales. Homosexual activities were legalised in Scotland — on the same basis as that which was used for the 1967 Act — by Section 80 of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980. Section 2A, the legislation that prevented the promotion of homosexuality, was repealed in Scotland within the first two years of the existence of the Scottish Parliament by the "Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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